三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯与钠基蒙脱石的凝胶化及其纳米结构

Gelation and Nanostructure of Tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate and Sodium Montmorillonite

以三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)和钠基蒙脱石(NaMMT)为原料,制备了一种新型阻燃剂T-Na纳米复合凝胶。研究了TCPP/NaMMT质量比、水分、温度对其凝胶化的影响。采用直接观察、X射线衍射、热重分析和透射电子显微镜并对纳米复合凝胶稳定性及纳米结构进行了分析,并研究了T-Na纳米复合凝胶对甲苯等有机溶剂的吸收作用。用透射电子显微镜观察了T-Na的纳米复合凝胶在聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料中层状NaMMT的分散;用锥形量热仪(CONE)研究了T-Na纳米复合阻燃剂对TPU的阻燃效果。结果表明:TCPP与NaMMT质量比为2:1~7:1时形成稳定的纳米复合凝胶,NaMMT的层间距由0.98 nm增加到3.15 nm;水分的存在和升高温度能够加速TCPP与NaMMT的凝胶化;在T-Na凝胶中,存在与NaMMT有强相互作用的TCPP,其与NaMMT的质量比约为1:5.5~5.7;T-Na凝胶能够吸收大量甲苯;在T-Na凝胶与TPU复合物中,NaMMT实现了部分的剥离和插层共存的纳米分散效果,锥形量热仪测试表明相对纯NaMMT和TCPP,T-Na纳米复合阻燃剂对TPU阻燃效果更理想。

A T-Na nanocompound gel was prepared with tris(chlorisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP)and sodium montmorillonite(NaMMT).The effects of TCPP/NaMMT mass ratios,moisture content and temperature on the gelation were investigated.The stability and nano-structure of nanocompound gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The adsorption of T-Na nanocompound gel on organic solvents such as toluene was analyzed.The dispersion of layered NaMMT in TPU/T-Na composites was determined by TEM.The flame retardant effect of T-Na nanocompound flame retardant on thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)was investigated by a cone calorimeter(CONE).The results show that the stable nanocompound gel is formed and the interlayer spacing of NaMMT increases from 0.98 nm to 3.15 nm when the mass ratio(TCPP/NaMMT)ranges from 2:1 to 7:1.The presence of moisture and the higher temperature can accelerate the gelation of T-Na nanocompound.In the T-Na gel,there exists a strong interaction between TCPP and NaMMT as the mass ratio is 1:5.5-5.7.T-Na nanocompound gel is capable of adsorbing large amounts of toluene.In the TPU/T-Na composites,NaMMT is a nano-dispersion material with intercalated and exfoliated state.According to the results by CONE,T-Na nanocompound flame retardant is more effective for TPU rather than relatively pure NaMMT and TCPP.