公共服务差距与区域间收入不平等的形成——基于2000—2019年省级面板数据的分析

Differences in Public Services and the Formation of Interregional Income Inequality——An Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data,2000—2019

缩小区域间公共服务差距,是解决发展中不充分、不平等问题的重要手段。本研究基于2000—2019年30个省份(港澳台及西藏不包括在内)省级面板数据,从社会性、经济性两类公共服务差距探讨区域间收入不平等的形成。结果表明:(1)区域间社会性、经济性公共服务水平差距的扩大均会导致居民收入差距的扩大,且具有长期效应,缩小社会性公共服务差距、经济性公共服务差距对居民人均可支配收入差距缩小的影响分别为2.794个单位和1.539个单位。(2)在不同区域格局中,社会性公共服务差距对收入差距的影响在农村地区间、非民族地区与民族地区间、东部与中部区域间更明显;经济性公共服务差距对收入差距的影响在农村地区间、民族地区与民族地区间、中部与西部区域间更明显。(3)分时期结果表明,公共服务差距加剧收入不平等的效应有持续增强趋势。新时期解决区域间的发展不平衡不充分矛盾、缩小区域间收入差距,主要是熨平社会性公共服务方面的差异。

Narrowing the interregional gap in public services is an important means to solve the problems of inadequacy and inequality in development.However,the existing literature lacks in-depth research on the gap in the supply of public services,especially research on the effects of the"gap"in the supply of public services on interregional income gaps.Using a common analytical framework,this article studies the extent to which a narrowing of the interregional public service gap can narrow the interregional income gap.Based on provincial panel data of 30 provinces(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Tibet)from 2000 to 2019,this study uses a two-way fixed effects model and an instrumental variables method to explore the formation of interregional income inequality from the perspective of the gaps in social and economic public services.A regional heterogeneity analysis was carried out,including sample analyses of ethnic areas and nonethnic areas,to investigate the impact of the public services gap on income inequality.A sample analysis of the impact of the public service gap on the income inequality between the eastern,central,and western regions was also conducted.Considering that the regression results based on different periods may be different,this research is divided into four periods in order to ensure the robustness of the regression results.The results show that:(1)An expansion of the interregional social and economic public service gap will lead to an expansion of,and will have a long-term effect on,interregional income inequality.The impact of a narrowing of the gap in social public services and economic public services on a reduction in the gap in per capita disposable income is 2.794 and 1.539,respectively.(2)In the different regions,the impact of the social public service gap on the income gap is more obvious between rural areas,between non-ethnic areas and ethnic areas,and between the eastern and central regions.The influence of the economic public service gap on the income gap is more obvious between rural areas,between ethnic areas and ethnic areas,and between central and western regions.(3)The results in the different periods show that the effect of the public service gap on income inequality has been continuously increasing.In the new era,in order to solve the interregional imbalances and contradictions and to narrow the interregional income gap will mainly depend on ironing out the differences in social public services.