服务业对外开放与中国制造业全球价值链升级

How does Services Liberalization Affect Upgrading in Global Value Chains of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

服务投入缺乏竞争力是引致中国制造业全球价值链"低端锁定"的关键因素。本文基于OECD-STRI评估框架较为全面地测算了中国服务业对外开放程度,然后在此基础上系统考察了服务业开放对中国制造业企业出口国内附加值率的影响效应及其作用机制。研究结果表明:服务业对外开放显著提高了制造业企业出口国内附加值率,有利于促进企业全球价值链分工地位升级;影响机制检验结果显示,中间品替代效应和成本加成率效应均是服务业对外开放影响制造业企业出口国内附加值率的重要渠道,服务型中间品替代效应的影响程度相对更大;服务业对外开放对加工贸易企业和技术密集型制造企业的促进效应更为明显。

This paper empirically investigated the impact of services liberalization on the domestic value-added in Chinese manufacturing firms’exports.The results show that the services liberalization has significantly improved the domestic value-added in exports,which is conducive to promote the upgrading of manufacturing firm’s position in the global value chains.The mechanism tests show that both of the manufacturing firm’s markups and the substitution effect of intermediate goods are influencing channels for services liberalization to affect the domestic value-added in exports,but the substitution effect from domestic service intermediate goods is the most important influencing channel.Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of services liberalization on domestic value-added in exports is more obvious for the processing trading enterprises and technology-intensive manufacturing enterprises.