可持续生计框架下黔中岩溶山区农户生计资产差异研究——以后寨河流域为例

The composition and differences of rural household livelihood assets in karst mountain area of central Guizhou province from the perspective of sustainable livelihoods

农户生计资产的构成决定了农户生计策略及生计多样性,厘清农户生计资产是实现农村精准扶贫、可持续生计发展和实施乡村振兴战略的基础。文中运用参与式农村评价法和可持续生计框架对贵州岩溶腹地典型村进行实地调研,通过建立农户生计资产评价体系、测算生计资产综合值,比较不同类型农户生计资产的规律和差异性。研究表明:1)后寨河流域农户生计资产中物质资产、社会资产、金融资产是农户生计策略选择中最主要的资产;2)自然资产普遍偏低,社会资产和金融资产差异大;农户生计策略从农业向非农业转变过程中,金融和社会资产的推动作用较大,应着眼于以金融和社会资产为主的可持续发展能力的扶持。3)石漠化发生率影响农户自然资产和物质资产。农户生计策略的多样性有利于降低坡耕地石漠化程度,更有利于提高农户的生计资产。

Diversity of rural household livelihoods and livelihood strategies are determined by the composition of household livelihood assets. To clarify the household livelihood assets is the basis to realize targeted poverty alleviation, sustainable livelihood and rural revitalization. By utilizing the Participatory Rural Assessment and sustainable livelihood framework, we conducted field study in typical Karst fragile region of Houzhaihe, Guizhou province. Through the construction of household livelihood assets evaluation system, we calculated the comprehensive value of livelihood assets and compared the regularity and differences of household livelihood assets. The research reveals:(1) The physical assets, social assets and financial assets are preferable when choosing livelihood assets.(2) Natural assets are generally at a low level and more attention should be given to financial assets and social assets.(3) Occurrence rate of rocky desertification would affect the rural household livelihood assets. The diversity of rural household livelihood strategies is more conducive to reducing the degree of rocky desertification in sloping farmland, and is more conducive to raising the rural household livelihood assets.