中国制造业出口价值攀升的空间动力来源——基于要素供给和市场需求的综合视角

Sources of Spatial Motivation for Export Value Climbing of Chinese Manufacturing——Comprehensive Perspective Based on Factor Supply and Market Demand

在中国经济转型和高质量发展的关键时期,促进对外贸易发展动能由传统比较优势向空间集聚优势转变,对于推动制造业全球价值链攀升、提升制造业国际竞争力具有重要意义。本文从供给和需求两个方面识别和测度城市空间集聚优势,并探讨其对制造业出口国内附加值率的影响效应和作用机制,识别中国制造业出口价值攀升的空间动力来源。研究发现:(1)要素供给和市场需求的空间外部性可通过降低企业平均成本、提高国内中间品效率和增加国内中间品种类等机制提升制造业企业出口国内附加值率;(2)该结果在考虑样本极端值、更换企业出口国内附加值率测度指标以及控制各类空间外部性变量内生性后依然成立;(3)市场潜力扩大有助于强化劳动力"蓄水池"效应、中间服务空间共享效应、制造业中间品空间共享效应对企业出口国内附加值率的促进作用,但其弱化了空间技术外溢效应的作用效果;(4)各类空间集聚优势对制造业出口国内附加值率的影响具有明显的异质性特征,依赖于企业贸易类型及所在城市等级等方面。本文结果对于各地区充分识别并发挥空间集聚优势以提升制造业出口国内附加值,进而实现制造业价值链向高端攀升具有重要的政策参考价值。

In the critical period of China’s economic transformation and high-quality development,it is of great significance to promote the transformation of foreign trade development momentum from traditional comparative advantages to spatial agglomeration advantages,which is helpful for the manufacturing industry to climb global value chain and enhance the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.This paper identifies and measures urban spatial agglomeration advantages from two aspects of supply and demand,and discusses the effect and mechanisms of its impact on the exports domestic value-added rate of manufacturing,so as to identify the spatial power sources of China’s manufacturing exports value rising.The results show that:(1)Spatial externalities of factor supply and market demand can improve the domestic value-added rate in exports of manufacturing enterprises through mechanisms such as reducing enterprises’average cost,improving the efficiency of domestic intermediate products,and increasing domestic intermediate varieties.(2)This result is still robust after considering the extreme value of the sample,replacing the measurement index of the domestic value-added rate in exports,and controlling the endogenousness of various spatial externality variables.(3)Further research finds that the expansion of market potential helps to strengthen the promotion of the labor pool effect,intermediate service and manufacturing intermediate products spatial sharing effect on the domestic value-added rate in exports of enterprises,but it weakens the effect of spatial technological spillover effect.(4)The impact of various types of spatial agglomeration advantages on the domestic value-added rate in exports of manufacturing enterprises has obvious heterogeneity,which depends on the trade type of enterprises and the city level.The results of this paper have important policy reference value for each region to fully identify and take advantages of the spatial agglomeration to enhance the domestic value-added in exports of manufacturing enterprises,and then realize the high-end rise of manufacturing value chain.