人工降雨设备在农田水文试验中的应用进展

Review of the Artificial Rainfall Equipment Application on Agro-hydrological Experiments

人工降雨设备是农田水文试验中的重要供水设备,为农田水文中降雨入渗、水土流失、溶质运移等研究提供了有效的降雨模拟手段,避免了天然降雨的不确定性,人工降雨影响试验结果的准确性。本文对国内外人工降雨设备在农田水文试验中的应用进行了研究。从分类、原理以及应用领域等方面对国内外人工降雨设备进行梳理、归纳、总结与展望,人工降雨设备主要分为针头式、悬线式、管网式与喷头式4类,其在农田水文学研究领域主要应用在土柱试验、土槽试验以及大田试验中,针头式人工降雨设备在土柱试验中应用较多,喷头式人工降雨设备在土槽试验和大田试验中应用最为广泛,管网式和悬线式人工降雨设备在农田水文相关试验中应用较少,今后人工降雨设备还有望进一步向自动化、智能化、精准化和便携化发展。

Artificial rainfall equipment(ARE)is an important water supply equipment in agro-hydrological experiment,which can provide an effective rainfall simulation method for the research of rainfall infiltration,soil erosion and solute transport.The uncertainty of natural rainfall can be avoided by AREs,and the experiment results can be influenced directly by the water supply accuracy of ARE.In order to make better use of artificial rainfall equipment in agro-hydrological experiment in the future,this study reviewed the application progress of ARE in agro-hydrological experiments.The domestic and international AREs were sorted out,summarized and prospected from their classification,principle and characteristics.There are mainly four types of ARE,i.e.,needle-type ARE,suspension line type ARE,pipe network type ARE and sprinkler-type ARE.They are widely used in the soil column experiments,soil flume experiments and field experiments.Needle-type AREs are widely used in soil column experiments,sprinkler-type AREs are most widely used in soil flume experiments and field experiments.While pipe network type and suspension line type AREs are less applied on agro-hydrological research compared with the other two AREs.AREs are expected to be further developed to be extensive,automatic,intelligent,precise and portable in the future.