旅游扶贫效率研究

Research on Poverty Alleviation of Tourism

本文首先通过构建评价指标体系,采用投入导向的DEA模型对我国各省的旅游扶贫效率进行计算。然后进行了全局与局部空间自相关检验,计算了Moran’s I指数。最后为了探究旅游扶贫效率的影响因素,选取了反映交通发展水平、外贸依存度、人力投入水平、污染控制水平、投资规模等五方面的指标,通过建立空间杜宾模型(SDM)进一步探究。研究结果显示,北京、天津、江苏、浙江、河南和广东在2012-2016年的综合效率始终处于相对有效状态,优于其他省份。沿海省份的旅游扶贫综合效率明显总体优于内陆省份。从空间维度分析,我国各省旅游扶贫效率存在正向空间相关性,即呈现出扶贫效率较高的省份高高集聚、扶贫效率较低的省份低低集聚这样一种状态。从时间维度分析,随着时间的推移,该正向空间相关性逐渐增强,在2016年达到峰值,空间集聚现象最强。一个地区的旅游扶贫效率与相邻地区的效率呈现出显著的正向空间关联性。各影响因素对于扶贫效率的影响包括地区自身的直接效应和其他地区引起的间接效应。

This paper firstly constructs an evaluation index system and uses the input-oriented DEA model to calculate the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of each province.Based on the above results,the global and local spatial autocorrelation test is carried out in this paper,and the Moran’s I index is calculated.In order to explore the influencing factors of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency,this paper selects several indicators that may affect the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency,such as the development of transportation,foreign trade dependence,pollution control and fixed asset investment,and explores by establishing the Spatial Durbin Model(SDM).The results show that the comprehensive efficiency of Beijing,Tianjin,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Henan and Guangdong has been in a relatively effective state from 2012 to 2016.The comprehensive efficiency in coastal provinces is obviously better than that in inland provinces.From the perspective of neighboring provinces,the efficient provinces have a certain agglomeration effect,i.e.,a positive spatial correlation does exist between the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of provinces in China.From the time dimension analysis,over time,the spatial correlation is gradually enhanced,peaked in 2016,the spatial agglomeration phenomenon is strongest.There is a significant positive spatial correlation between the poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism in one region and the efficiency of neighboring regions.The influence of each factor on poverty alleviation efficiency includes the direct effect of the region itself and the indirect effect caused by other regions.