波德莱尔与穆时英的现代都市空间书写

On Baudelaire and Mu Shiying's Writings of Modern Urban Spaces

20世纪末,文艺理论界研究呈现出“空间”转向趋势,从法国学者加斯东·巴什拉的“空间诗学”理论到后继者亨利·列斐伏尔及米歇尔·福柯的空间哲学论,空间研究浪潮席卷整个西方文化界,也随即成为中国学者关注的焦点。城市,作为极具代表性的现代空间,是都市文学的生发之地,其中备受空间批评关注的议题是城市的现代化进程和个体在城市中的现代化体验。19世纪法国象征派先驱夏尔·波德莱尔以“恶中掘美”的视角开创了巴黎诗歌的新纪元,20世纪初中国新感觉派代表作家穆时英则是上海都市文学的重要奠基者。他们的作品均描绘了城市的空间线条,记录了不同群体独特的空间体验,也揭露了隐藏在都市现代化繁荣背后的危机。但是,由于文化背景和所处时代的不同,他们的城市书写又展现出各自的特色,从美学角度和人文角度对城市空间书写进行了探索和创新。由于巴黎和上海是阐释性较强的城市意象,因此两位作家的都市书写均产生了深远影响,为中法空间文学比较提供了新的议题。

At the end of the 20^(th)century,the research of literary and artistic theory took a“space”turning trend,from the French scholar Gaston Bachelard's spatial poetics to the philosophical theories of space by his successors Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault,a wave of space studies sweeping across the Western culture,and immediately becoming one of the focal points of Chinese scholars.The city,as a representative modern space,is the birthplace of urban literature,and one of the issues that have received much attention in spatial criticism is the modernization process of the city and the individual experience of modernity in the city.Baudelaire,as the pioneer of the French Symbolism in the 19th century,ushered in a new era of Parisian poetry with his vision of“extract beauty from Evil”,while Mu Shiying,a representative writer of the early 20th century Chinese New Sensation,was an important founder of urban literature in Shanghai.Their works both sketch the structural lines of the city,record the unique spatial experiences of different groups,and expose the crises hidden behind the prosperity of urban modernity.However,due to their different cultural backgrounds and times,their urban writing shows their own characteristics,exploring and innovating the writing of urban space from aesthetic and humanistic perspectives.As Paris and Shanghai are highly interpretive urban imagery,both writers'urban writing has had a profound impact,providing a new topic for comparison between Chinese and French spatial literature.