中小学校车费用的成本分摊方法

Cost Allocation Method of School Bus Cost in Primary and Secondary Schools

国家明文规定中小学,特别是小学必须采用统一的校车接送学生,但当前校车费用采用按人头平均分摊法或人公里费用分摊法分摊,具有较大的不公平性。本文从合作博弈视角,研究校车成本分摊问题,首先通过校车分区,实现校车成本量化,再采用成本分摊法公平分摊校车成本,本文通过揭示当前校车成本分摊法与Shapley值法分摊的巨大偏差,进一步表明采用Shapley值法分摊校车成本必要性。本文考虑接送点位置分布、学生数量、接送点数量因素设计大量算例,通过数据实验发现:校车成本分摊公平性由接送点位置和不同接送点学生数量共同影响;当前采用按人均摊法或人公里费用分摊法分摊校车成本均产生极大偏差,需采用Shapley值法分摊校车成本。

The state expressly stipulates that primary and secondary schools,especially primary schools,should adopt the unified school bus to pick up and drop off students.This paper from the perspective of cooperative game,studies the school bus cost allocation problem.First by the school bus partitions,the cost of the bus is realized;then the cost allocation method is adopted fairly distributed between the cost of the bus.It reveals the current school bus cost allocation method with vast deviation of Shapley value method,a further sign of Shapley value method is used to share the bus cost necessity.In this paper,a large number of examples are designed by considering the location distribution,number of students and number of pick-up points.Through data experiments,it is found that the fairness of school bus cost allocation is influenced by the location of pick-up points and the number of students at different pick-up points.At present,the school bus cost apportionment based on per capita or per person kilometer method has great deviation,and Shapley value method should be used to apportionment school bus cost.