近代汉语表动作方式义的"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"格式的形成和发展

The Development of the Manner-denoting“V_(1)-zhe-V_(2)”Construction in Early-modern Chinese

现代汉语有一批"V_(1)着(O)"表示V_(2)进行的方式、手段的"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"结构,如"蒸着吃""走着去",但这类结构在近代汉语中的形成和发展过程尚不明确.文章通过对近代汉语35部著作的"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"结构进行考察,发现表动作方式义的"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"结构在元代出现,到清代发展成熟,并体现为语义和句法两方面的演变:1)语义上,从元至清,"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"结构中前后项动词的语义关系逐渐紧密,由"伴随状态-核心动作"发展出"动作方式-核心动作"的新型语义关系;2)句法上,从元至清,"V_(1)着(O)V_(2)"结构共享宾语式和前后动词紧邻式的出现比例都逐渐上升,反映出V_(1)和V_(2)的句法关系趋于紧密.

In Chinese,there is a kind of manner-denoting“V_(1)-zhe-V_(2)”construction in which the act expressed by V_(1)is interpreted as the manner or means of the act denoted by V_(2),such aszhēng zhe chī‘eat by steaming’andzǒu zhe qù‘go by walking’.Few studies have been conducted to explain the development of such a kind of construction.By examining the data in Earlymodern Chinese,this article reveals that the manner-denoting“V_(1)-zhe-V_(2)”construction came into being due to both the semantic and structural changes of the“V_(1)-zhe-V_(2)”serial verb constructions from the Yuan to the Qing dynasty.On the one hand,the semantic relation between V_(1)and V_(2)became closer,forming the new semantic relation type called“manner-main acts”out of the original one called“comitative states-main acts”.On the other hand,the syntactic relation between V_(1)and V_(2)also turned from loose to consolidated,as the frequency of the object-sharing type and the V_(1)-object-omitting type of the“V_(1)-zhe-V_(2)”constructions had been increasing from the Yuan to the Qing dynasty.