基于多方视角的上海郊野公园建设反思

Reflections on the Construction of Shanghai Country Parks from the Multi-angle Perspective

上海首批试点郊野公园在取得良好建设成效的同时,也受到了郊野公园的规划决策方、建设实施方、实际使用方和公园原住民4大核心主体的一些负面评价.从上述4大主体的视角出发,总结目前郊野公园存在生态保育初衷贯彻不到位、资金收支平衡实现难度大、休闲游憩需求难以满足、农民参与感不强等问题.剖析其问题产生的原因包括规划实施过程的博弈使得建设偏离初衷,以郊野地区城镇化为导向存在局限性,郊野公园与城市公园概念边界不清晰,农民缺少参与郊野公园运营的有效渠道等.在此基础上对未来郊野公园的建设提出建议,包括以政策机制保障规划实施,以模式创新探索多方共建,以完善公园体系满足市民需求,以宣传引导加深公众理解.

The first batch of pilot country parks in Shanghai has achieved the good construction results.At the same time,the four core subjects of country parks,such as the planning leaders,the construction implementers,the actual users and the country park aborigines,have also expressed some negative evaluations.From the perspective of these four major subjects,this study concludes several problems in country parks at the current stage,including the failure to achieve the original intentions of ecological conservation,the difficulty to balance the funds,the hardness to meet the recreation needs and the absence of farmers.On the basis of further analysis of the reasons for these problems,this study tries to give some suggestions for the future country parks,including ensuring the implementation with the proper policy mechanisms,exploring a new multi-party cooperation model,improving the park system to respond to the recreation demands of citizens,strengthening the propaganda to raise the public awareness.