"受邀请的帝国"?——战后美利坚帝国属性再议

20世纪80年代,挪威著名历史学家吉尔·伦德斯塔德针对美国霸权的崛起提出了"受邀请的帝国"的概念.战后美国全球同盟体系形成的过程昭示,无论是在地域上还是在时间上,"受邀请的帝国"概念的适用范围都极其有限,远不能用于指代美利坚帝国."二战"结束后的美国是一个具有多重面相的帝国:某些情况下,是一个"受邀请的帝国";个别情境中,甚至还是一个"被要挟的帝国";更多时候,则是一个"压制性的帝国".

In the 1980s,Geir Lundestad,a renowned Norwegian historian,proposed the concept of an“empire by invitation”to describe the rise of U.S.hegemony.The formation of the postwar U.S.global alliance system demonstrates that the concept's explanatory power is so much limited in terms of regional and temporal variability that it could be used to describe the American empire only in a minority of cases.Post-war America is an empire with multiple faces:in some cases,it is an“empire by invitation”;under specific condition,it is a“coerced empire”:in most circumstances,it is a“coercive empire.”