新疆地区感染科护理人员职业暴露及防护现状调查研究

Investigation on the Occupational Exposure and Protection Among Nurses in the Department of Infections Diseases in Xinjiang

目的分析感染科护理人员职业暴露,发现职业防护过程中的问题,为干预研究及制定防护政策提供依据。方法自行设计感染科护理人员职业卫生状况调查问卷,对新疆地区12家医院感染科210名护理人员的职业卫生情况进行现况调查,分析感染科护理人员在护理工作中所面临的职业暴露方式、种类及其防护措施。结果消毒剂、抗菌药、血液等体液的暴露是研究对象暴露率最高的三种职业危害因素,暴露率分别为97.1%、91.4%和83.3%;暴露率最高的暴露方式依次为:无保护下折断安瓿87.1%、徒手处理污染锐器83.3%、双手回套针头套76.7%;其中麻醉废气及不戴口罩的暴露频率在不同年限感染科护理人员间存在统计学差异(<0.05)。而职业危害暴露后的防护率由高到低依次为:锐器损伤后立即处理占91.9%、了解患者的乙肝等血液传播性疾病的抗原/抗体状态占82.3%、曾接受肝炎疫苗注射占80%、曾经参加过职业防护培训占75.2%、定期检测肝炎抗体占65.2%、手部伤口接触乙、丙肝或HIV阳性体液后定期检测相应抗体占39%。结论加强与完善感染科护理行为中的监督与管理,是保证护理人员职业健康及减少感染暴露风险的有效途径。

Objective To analyze the occupational hazardous factors among nurses in the department of infections diseases in Xinjiang in order to explore the prevention countermeasures.Methods 210 nurses from the department of infections diseases from 12 hospitals in Xinjiang were investigated by self-designed occupational health status questionnaires,the occupational hazardous factors and their protective measures were analyzed.Results The highest exposure rates among dif erent type of occupational exposure were contacting with sanitizer(97.1%),antiseptic(91.4%)and blood or body fluids from the patients with infectious diseases.The highest exposure rates among dif erent occupational exposure modes were breaking the ampoules without protection(87.1%),contacting with contaminative sharp instrument without protection(83.3%)and recapping extended of the needles(76.7%).The dif erent exposure rates of contacting with waste anesthetic gas and contacting with patients or contaminants without shelter mouth-muf les among nurses in dif erent working ages were significantly dif erent(<0.05).The highest security protection rates after exposing to occupational hazard were dealing with the sharp instrument injury immediately(91.9%),knowing the patient's blood transmit ed diseases such as hepatitis B antigen/antibody(82.3%)and having received hepatitis B vaccine before(80%).Conclusion Strengthening and improving administration of nurse behavior in the department of infectious diseases is an ef icient way to ensure the occupational health of the nurses.