基于生态旅游与生物保护的日本山原国立公园环境教育

Environmental Education of Yambaru National Park in Japan Based on Ecotourism and Biological Protection

20世纪60年代,环境教育作为公害问题和自然环境破坏的解决对策被日本社会接受,经过60年的发展环境教育的内容已涵盖生物多样性、可持续发展等范畴.以日本山原国立公园为例,从政策制度、生态旅游和生物保护3方面出发,对国立公园的环境教育和自然体验活动进行解读.总结得出山原国立公园以居民团体和企业为中心,在当地政府和保护中心的支持和指导下,开展自然观察体验等基于生态旅游的环境教育.以日本环境省直属山原野生生物保护中心为主导,开展外来物种驱除、珍稀动植物保护等生物保护工作,面向当地居民、学生和游客开展基于生物多样性的环境教育.

Environmental education was accepted in the 1960s as a solution to public pollution and natural environment destruction problems in Japan.After 60 years of development,environmental education has covered biodiversity and sustainable development.Taking Japan’s Yambaru National Park as an example,this paper explains the environmental education and natural experience activities of national parks from the aspects of policy system,eco-tourism and biodiversity conservation.It concludes that Yambaru National Park has carried out eco-tourism-based environmental education,centering on resident groups and enterprises,with support and guidance of local governments and protection centres.Led by the Yambaru Wildlife Protection Center directly under the Ministry of Environment of Japan,it has fulfilled biological protection such as expelling alien species and protecting endangered animals and plants,and environmental education based on biodiversity for local residents,students and tourists.