2019-2021年云南省人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2021

目的了解云南省人间布鲁氏菌病的流行特征,为制定布鲁氏菌病精准防控策略提供可靠的科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统中2019年1月至2021年12月云南省人间布鲁氏菌病疫情资料和云南省各州(市)上报的布鲁氏菌病年度监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,对布鲁氏菌病的流行概况,三间分布(时间、地区、人群)特征及血清学、病原学监测结果进行分析。结果2019-2021年云南省累计报告布鲁氏菌病病例1408例,年均发病率为1.00/10万;发病数从2019年的321例增加至2021年的701例,发病率从2019年的0.68/10万增加至2021年的1.50/10万。发病时间主要集中在4-9月(857例)。报告发病数居前3位的地区依次为昆明市(483例)、曲靖市(379例)、红河哈尼族彝族自治州(281例),共占总病例数的81.18%(1143/1408)。发病年龄主要集中在20~<70岁,占89.70%(1263/1408);男性958例、女性450例,男女性别比为2.13∶1.00;职业以农民为主,占84.02%(1183/1408)。2019-2021年云南省共监测布鲁氏菌病重点人群血清26280份,血清学检测阳性572份,阳性率为2.18%(572/26280)。共从全省医院病例血液标本中分离出布鲁氏菌169株,其中羊种3型155株、羊种1型14株。结论2019-2021年云南省人间布鲁氏菌病发病呈上升趋势,以夏秋季高发,发病人群主要为青中年男性农民,应加强高发季节重点人群的疾病监测与健康教育。

Objective To study the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Yunnan Province,and to provide a reliable scientific basis for formulating accurate prevention and control strategies of brucellosis.Methods The epidemic data of human brucellosis in Yunnan Province from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected from the information system of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,as well as annual monitoring data on brucellosis reported by various states(municipalities)in Yunnan Province.Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to analyze the epidemic situation,distribution characteristics(time,region,population),and serological and pathogenic monitoring results of brucellosis.Results From 2019 to 2021,1408 cases of brucellosis were reported in Yunnan Province,with an average annual incidence of 1.00/100000.The number of cases increased from 321 in 2019 to 701 in 2021,and the incidence increased from 0.68/100000 in 2019 to 1.50/100000 in 2021.The onset time was mainly from April to September(857 cases).The top 3 regions with the highest number of reported cases were Kunming City(483 cases),Qujing City(379 cases),and Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture(281 cases),accounting for 81.18%(1143/1408)of the total number of cases.The age of onset was mainly 20-<70 years old,accounting for 89.70%(1263/1408).There were 958 males and 450 females,with a sex ratio of 2.13∶1.00.Farmers were the main occupation,accounting for 84.02%(1183/1408).From 2019 to 2021,a total of 26280 serum samples from key populations of brucellosis were monitored in Yunnan Province,with 572 positive serological tests and a positive rate of 2.18%(572/26280).A total of 169 strains of Brucella were isolated from blood samples from hospitals throughout the province,including 155 strains of sheep type 3 and 14 strains of sheep type 1.Conclusions From 2019 to 2021,the incidence of human brucellosis in Yunnan Province has been on the rise,with a high incidence in summer and autumn.The main population affected is young and middle-aged male farmers.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen disease monitoring and health education for key populations during the high incidence season.