中国公共场所禁止吸烟法规现状分析

Current Situation of Law and Regulation for Banning Smoking in Public Places in China

目的了解全国地级及以上城市公共场所禁止吸烟法规制定情况,为我国即将制定的全国性的公共场所禁止吸烟法规提供依据。方法采用查阅文献和问卷调查的方法。结果全国地级及以上城市中有控烟法规的占45.7%(154/337);154项控烟法规中,10.4%由地方人民代表大会颁布,88.3%由政府颁布,其他机构发文的占1.3%。各地法规的定义不统一,包含的禁烟场所范围也不同,其中,包含4～6类的占17.4%,7～8类的占68.7%,9～10类的占13.9%。法规中要求主管部门设立专门禁烟检查员的有8.6%,要求禁烟单位内部设立兼职检查员的有31.9%,没有要求设立禁烟检查员的有58.6%。法规中对违反规定的单位罚款5～500元的占9.6%,>500～1000元的占20.0%,>1000～2000元的占10.4%,>2000～5000的占9.6%;对违反规定的个人罚款1～5元的占12.1%,>5～10元的占22.4%,>20～100元的占10.3%。法规颁布后有5.8%(9/154)的地级市进行过修订。结论我国缺少一部专门的公共场所禁止吸烟法规;地方法规执行力度小,效果欠佳;与目前国际上在控烟立法方面做得成功的国家差距较大。

Objective To understand the making of laws and regulations for banning smoking in the public places in big cities in China and to provide the reference for making a national code.Methods The methods of literature search and review were employed,as well as questionnaire survey.Results 45.7% of the big cities had the relevant local laws and(or)regulations and 10.4% of the codes were issued by the local People s Congress,1.3% by the other institutions.Definitions used in the local legal and regulatory codes ar...