“道光萧条”与“癸未大水”——经济衰退、气候剧变及19世纪的危机在松江

The Daoguang Depression and the 1823 Flood ——Economic Decline, Climatic Cataclysm and the Nineteenth-century Crisis in Songjiang

中国经济在19世纪出现重大逆转,从18世纪的长期繁荣转入19世纪中期以后的长期衰退,中国社会也出现了"19世纪的危机"。这个逆转始于道光朝,因此被称为"道光萧条"。导致这个萧条的原因很复杂,其中之一是19世纪初期全球气候变化所引起的农业生产条件的恶化。这一点,在以往关于19世纪危机的研究中一直被忽视,因此,本文以松江地区为例,具体地观察经济衰退、气候变化和社会危机之间的关系。

China’s economy saw a great retrogress in the nineteenth century. It was going down from the eighteenth- century prosperity to the nineteenth-century crisis. Because this great change began in the Daoguang Reign (1820-50), it is called" the Daoguang Depression." The depression can be attributed to many factors, among which the early nineteenth- century global climatic cataclysm is one of the most important, but has been neglected in the previous studies of the Chinese nineteenth-century crisis. In...