民事强制执行中生存权与债权的冲突与平衡

On the Conflict and Balance Between Survival and Claims in Civil Enforcement Proceedings

在法律规范的层面,民事强制执行程序存在着平衡生存权与债权关系的三层结构。这种正反合的制衡关系,既能够保障被执行人及其所扶养家属的基本生存权,同时又不对债权的实现构成不正当的妨害。但是,由于我国民事诉讼法在立法技术上存在缺陷,而司法解释又受到强势利益集团的影响,导致实践中对生存权与债权之间的关系在认识上有所偏差。为了改变这一状况,应当强化对生存权的保护,同时界定“生活所需的房屋”的范围,并建立相关的配套措施。

In the level of legal norms,civil enforcement procedures exist the three-tier structure for a balance between survival and claims.Such positive and negative relations with the checks and balances,not only protect the basic survival of the executers and their dependents,but also realize the claims without improper prejudice.However,China's Civil Procedural Law provisions are too abstract and judicial interpretations are influenced by the powerful interest groups and exist some faults in technology.These lead to misunderstand the relationship of survival and claims in practice.To change this situation,we should strengthen the legal norms on the protection of survival,Meanwhile define 'needs housing' in scope,and the establishment of supporting measures.