乙型肝炎血源疫苗免疫后16～18年的长期免疫效果定群研究

Evaluation of Long-term Protective Efficacy of Infant Hepatitis B Plasma-derived Vaccine Immunization

目的评价新生儿乙肝疫苗普种预防乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的长期免疫效果,探讨乙肝血源疫苗免疫持久性。方法出生队列定群研究结合横断面调查的方法,对象为1987—1989年出生并接种乙肝血源疫苗的人群,用固相放射免疫法(SPRIA)法检测HBV感染标志,结果与前期数据比较分析。结果(1)1987—1989队列的免疫人群在免疫7年、14年、18年后的疫苗保护效果分别为89．7%,94．8%和87．8%,差别无统计学意义；保护性抗体水平分别为57．37%,32．80%,36．67%,免后14、18年的抗体保持在一致水平；(2)乙肝血源疫苗接种16～18年后,平均HBsAg阳性率为1．99%；保护性抗体水平为36．67%,总表面抗体阳性率为62．91%。结论新生儿普种乙肝血源疫苗可有效预防HBV感染,疫苗免疫18年后保护效果稳定,不必进行人群加强免疫。

Objective To evaluate the long - term efficacy of newborns hepatitis B vaccine immunization.Methods By using birth-cohort combined with cross- sectional study to evaluate the three newborn cohorts of 1987- 1989 among those who had received hepatitis B vaccination.RIA and SPRIA were used to detect their HBV infectious signals and the re- sults were compared with the historical data.Results (1)After being immunized for 7,14,18 years the protective rates of 1987 - 1989 cohorts were 89.7%,94.8% and 8?.8% respectively,and there was no significant difference.The average positive rates of HBV protective antibody were 57.37 %,32.80 %,and 36.67 % respectively.The protective antibody of 14 and 18 years remained at the same level.(2)The average positive rate of HBV surface antigent was 1.99% 0 HBV protective antibody was 36.67%,and the total HBV surface antibody positive rate was 62.91%.Conclusions The universal new- born HB vaccination program has been proved to be effectively in controlling HBV infection.The protective efficacy of immu- nized people is stable.It is unnecessarily to carry out further HB reinforce immunization.