施肥量对温室基质栽培甜瓜生理特性和产量品质的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Physiologic Character and Yield and Quality of Muskmelon in Solar Greenhouse

以厚皮甜瓜鲁厚甜1号为试验材料,采用蛭石:草炭:烘干鸡粪为3:2:1有机基质配方,设4个施肥处理,对温室有机基质栽培甜瓜生理特性、产量和品质进行了研究。结果表明迫施适量化肥可有效提高甜瓜的光合速率和根系活力,可显著提高果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和果实产量;施肥对甜瓜生长和果实维生素 C 含量影响不大;过量施用化肥会引起果实硝酸盐含量显著升高,糖度急剧下降,降低品质。本试验确定较佳施肥量计算方法为:春荐栽培,化肥施用量=(甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质速效养分量)/化肥养分吸收率。秋茬栽培中,化肥施用量=(1.5倍甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质速效养分量)/化肥养分吸收率。

The effect of different amount of fertilization on yield and quality in muskmelon was studied in this experiment.The composition of organic substrates was vermiculite,peat and chicken muck at a ratio of 3:2:1.There were four treatments in this study.The results were as follows:The photosynthetic rate of muskmelon leaves and the activity of the muskmelon roots could be improved by supplying inorganic fertilizer.The quality of the fruit of muskmelon cultured with organic substrates and proper fertilizer could be improved.The soluble sugar and soluble protein in the fruits of plants treated with fertilizer were higher than those with no fertilizer supplication.The yield of the melon could be increased obviously with proper fertilizer application;The fertilization had no influence on the growth of the muskmelon.The content of vitamin C in fruits had no significant differences among different treatments;But too much fertilizer application could increase the content of nitrate while the index of the sugar decreased.If cultivation was in spring the yield in treatment 2is the hightest,the fertilization amount=(the fertilize amount needed for desire output-fertilization on content of quick- acting nutrients in organic substrates)/nutrients uptake ratio;If cultivation was in autumn,the yield in treatment 3 was the highest.The fertilization amount=(1.5×fertilize amount needed for desire output-fertilization on content of quick-acting nutrients in organic substrates)/nutrients uptake ratio.