论"如果"和"如果说"

On Ruguo (如果) and Ruguo Shuo (如果说)

"如果"假设句有些表达在"如果"后不能加"说",有些必须加"说",有些则可加可不加。本文认为,这受制于所设定的假设条件p的真值。p的真值未定(±p)用"如果";p的真值必定为真(+p)用"如果+说"。用"如果"包括真正假设句和准真正假设句,用"如果+说"包括非真正假设句和变异假设句,既可充当真正假设句又可充当非真正假设句用"如果+[说]"。

Ruguo (如果) is one of the conjunctions to link the two clauses of a hypothetical in Chinese. Howerver, in some cases a pure ruguo is the only correct choice, in some cases after ruguo the adding of shuo (说) is compul-sarily needed, and still in some cases the adding of shuo is only optional. This paper attempts an explanation, arguing that the use of ruguo or ruguo +shuo (如果+说) is determined by the truth value of the hypothetical conditions set.