利用微卫星标记分析贵州5个地方鸡品种遗传多样性

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Guizhou Indigenous Chicken Breeds Using Microsatellite Marker

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了贵州省5个地方鸡品种:竹乡鸡、威宁鸡、黔东南小香鸡、高脚鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡的遗传多样性。计算了各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:在5个品种中,杂合度最低的是高脚鸡,为0.501,杂合度最高的是竹乡鸡,为0.673,因此贵州各地方鸡品种的杂合度相差较大,据分析可能是由于交通闭塞,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性;用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:竹乡鸡、黔东南小香鸡和威宁鸡聚为一类,乌蒙乌骨鸡自聚为一类;高脚鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。

In this paper,30 microsatellite markers with medium or high polymorphisms were selected to detect the genetic diversity of 5 indigenous chicken breeds in Guizhou.According to allele frequencies of 30 microsatellite, polymorphism information content(PIC),mean heterozygosity(H)and DA genetic distances were calculated for each breeds.The results showed that the mean heterozygosity (H)in the tall-legged chicken was the lowest (0.501),that in the Zhuxiang chicken was the highest(0.673) and that in other breeds was also more than 0.5,the reason of which maybe the traffic obstruction due to the diversity. The order of the heterozygosity is consistent with that of PIC.UPGMA tree was completed through analysis of DA genetic distances.In the tree,Zhuxiang chicken,Qiandong Southern and Weining chicken were first grouped together, Wumeng silky chicken had its own branch.Tall-legged chicken also had its own branch.In summary, the UPGMA tree reflected their resource, breeding history, differentiation and location.