青少年体育活动中的目标定向和自我决定理论:年龄和性别的差异

GOAL ORIENTATION AND SELF DETERMINATION THEORIES IN YOUTH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

以英格兰 82 4名初中生为调查对象 ,主要考察了在目标定向、行为调节、能力知觉和体育活动参与情况上的年龄和性别差异 ,并且采用动机变量预测校外体育活动参与情况。研究结果呈现出明显的性别差异 ,男生有较高的自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉。与此一致的结果是男生比女生更喜爱体育活动。对男生来说 ,自我定向、自我决定动机和能力知觉是参加体育活动的正相关预测指标 ,而任务定向和无动机与体育活动参与没有关系。对女生来说 ,任务定向和能力知觉能够积极预测体育活动参与情况 。

This study examined gender and age differences in terms of dispositional goal orientations, behavioural regulations, perceived competence and physical activity participation. In addition, prediction of physical activity participation outside school physical education lessons was made using scores on motivation profiles. Secondary school students in England (n=824) took part in a cross sectional survey. Results showed clear gender differences with boys being higher on ego orientation, self determined motivation, and perceived competence. Consistent with this was the finding that boys were more active than girls. For males, ego orientation, self determined motivation and perceived competence were significant positive predictors of physical activity participation. Task orientation and amotivation were not related to physical activity participation for this group. For females, a task orientation and perceived competence positively predicted physical activity participation, whereas ego orientation and amotivation negatively predicted physical activity participation.