蓝田冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属含量及形态分析

Analysis on the characteristics of heavy metals in contaminated farm land soil around the Lantian smelter

通过实地采样调查和室内样品分析,研究了陕西西安蓝田冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属含量和形态分布特征,并运用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对该区重金属污染水平进行了评价.结果表明:水平方向上,距冶炼厂100 m处的表层土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属的含量最高,分别达1 341.693、188.877、251.015、21.810 mg/kg,依次为国家土壤环境质量二级标准的3.833、0.630、2.510、36.349倍.随着距离的增大,重金属含量大体呈现先上升后下降最后趋于稳定的分布状况.剖面土壤中,重金属含量从表层到深层递减,0~30 cm变化幅度较大,30 cm以下基本上趋于稳定.从综合污染指数来看,表层土壤各样点的综合污染指数均大于3,说明该区农田土壤已处于重度复合污染等级.表层土壤中,Pb以可还原态为主、Zn主要存在形式为可还原态和残渣态、Cu主要为残渣态(含量平均值高达74.619 mg/kg),而Cd则以乙酸可提取态和可还原态为主,二者之和占全量的72.508%.

The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metal contents and the heavy metal fractionation in farm land soils around the Lantian smelter,Xi an city,Shaanxi province were studied by analyzing,investigating and sampling in the field,and the heavy metal pollution level was evaluated with the pollution index method.The results showed that the highest contents of Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in the topsoil with a distance of 100 meters from the smelter were up to 1 341.693,188.877,251.015 and 21.810 mg/kg,and wer...