旅游者地理空间认知模式研究

Study on Schemes Mode of Tourists' Geospatial Cognition

根据地理空间认知理论,探讨了旅游者对地理空间认知的基本过程、特征以及基于不同空间信息表达方式的旅游者空间认知效果。研究发现旅游者的空间认知效果受到空间信息表达形式的影响;指出作为特殊群体的旅游者,其地理空间认知明显不同于一般人群,而主要集中在空间特征感知、空间对象认知和空间格局认知3个层次。旅游者空间特征感知受制于旅游场景;在空间对象认知方面侧重于旅游要素认知,主要采用旅游要素决定模式,其中距离认知采用时间决定模式;方向认知主要采用地标定向和拓扑关系判别模式;旅游景区的认知主要依据心理意象,大尺度旅游者采用文化差异选择模式,而中小尺度的旅游者则是功能差异选择模式;旅游空间格局认知则是旅游功能特征、旅游空间对象和地理特征认知的综合。

Geospatial cognition is an important theme in the field of geo-information science and the study on it has sprung up since last century.In 1995,the report of Advancing Geographic Information Science was published.It put forward three important study fields,including the geospatial cognitive mode,geography concept mathematical method,geo-information and social study.In 2001,the geospatial cognition as a preferential sustaining project was supported by the committee of national natural science fund in China.Based on similar studies both at home and abroad and theories of geo-information science,psychology and tourists' behavior,its study system has been shaped.The paper discusses the basic process and characteristics of tourists' geospatial cognition,as well as the effect of tourist' spatial cognition based on different geospatial forms.It aims to solve study difficulties of tourist' cognition and tries to build the cognitive mode.In practice,the paper aims to help expression of geo-information,tourism resource development,tourism planning,products and design of traveling routes and tourism marketing.The data of this study came from field research about cross-bound tourists & domestic tourists in 1997—2005.The field research included what cognitive results of tourists was influenced by forms of different geospatial information and which was the emphasis of geospatial cognition.6353 questionnaires were totally obtained.Through statistical method and theory analysis,the research shows that the tourist' geospatial cognition is mainly focused on the spatial characteristics perception,the spatial object cognition and the spatial pattern cognition,especially in distance cognition,direction cognition,scenic areas cognition and geospatial patterns cognition.The geospatial cognition takes place in cognitive space.As special group of people,tourists have different geospatial cognition compared with other people.The spatial characteristics perception is affected by tourism and geography environment.The spatial object cognition of tourists is determined by tourism elements,such as hotel,restaurant,traffic,shopping,amusement;Tourists pay more attention to cognitive distance.So the distance cognition is mainly determined by time;Tourists cognitive direction by the mode of typical land mark and different topological relation.The cognition of scenic areas is mainly based on tourists' psychological image.Long-distance tourists make decisions according to the mode of the cultural difference,whereas medium and short distance tourists adopt the mode of functional difference.The cognition of tourist geospatial patterns is an integration of tourism functional features,spatial objects and perception of regional geographical features.Our current goal is to develop a geospatial cognitive mode of tourists.It can be used for expression of geo-information and design of tourism routes.A key aspect of this work is the field research and geospatial cognition type of tourists.The geospatial cognitive mode built,but the mode frame needs to be increased further.Other methods would be used for different tourists.