水体纳污能力量化问题探讨

Discussion on quantification of pollutant carrying capacity

水体的纳污能力是排污总量控制的基础,其定量评价对于有效的保护水资源具有重要的现实意义。本文从三峡水库库区水环境容量研究案例出发,对纳污能力的定量评价问题进行了讨论。认为:水资源保护规划具有一定的法规性,因而对水体纳污能力的量化应当可靠;纳污能力定量评价模式的选择应当充分考虑水体的自然特性、污染特性和保护目标,以避免模式选择不当导致过分夸大水体纳污能力,进而造成不利于水资源保护的局面;与基础资料相关的评价方法可操作性应当服从量化结果的可靠性要求。

The pollutant carrying capacity is the basis of total pollutant amount control, so that its quantification is of great importance to water resources protection. Starting from a case study on the water environment capacity of the Three Gorges Project reservoir, the authors discussed the relevant issues on quantification of pollutant carrying capacity. Following remarks were made: the quantification must be reliable to support the water resources protection planning that is of statutory effect; the mathematical model for quantification should be selected properly based on the natural characteristics, pollution features and protection objectives of waters, so as to avoid overestimating the pollutant carrying capacity; the operation of assessment which is related to basic data must meet the reliability requirements of quantification.