不同施肥条件下冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及累积的研究

Study on Nitrogen Uptake,Transformation and Accumulation in Winter Wheat under Different Fertilization

为给陕西关中地区冬小麦合理施用氮肥提供理论基础,以小偃22为材料,通过田间试验研究了不同施肥条件下冬小麦产量、氮素吸收、转运和累积特点。结果表明,氮磷钾和有机肥配合施用可明显提高小麦籽粒产量,其中在基施有机氮150 kg.hm-2的基础上,施氮量为150~225 kg.hm-2时小麦籽粒产量接近或达到9 000 kg.hm-2的超高产水平,显著高于农民习惯施肥处理(基施纯氮300 kg.hm-2和P2O575 kg.hm-2);在不施有机肥、施氮量为270~300 kg.hm-2时,小麦籽粒产量与农民习惯施肥处理差异不明显,说明有机肥具有明显的增产作用。施肥处理对小麦氮素累积有显著影响,氮磷钾配施可显著提高小麦氮素累积量,有机肥和化肥配合施用氮素累积量最高,达到249.3~283.0 kg.hm-2。与农民习惯施肥处理相比,氮磷钾配施条件下小麦生育中期和后期氮素累积量增加,开花后营养器官氮素转运量也随着增加,但施肥处理间氮素转运效率差异不明显。综合来看,陕西关中地区冬小麦在氮磷钾和有机肥配合施用的情况下,氮肥用量应控制在150~225 kg.hm-2。

One-year field experiment from 2008 to 2009 was conducted to study nitrogen uptake,transformation and accumulation in winter wheat(Xiaoyan 22) under different fertilization,which was aimed to provide a theory for N application of winter wheat in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.The results showed that wheat grain yield increased significantly when nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium were applied with organic fertilizer.When organic N rate was 150 kg·hm-2 and chemical N rate ranged from 150 to 225 kg·hm-2,w...