住院儿童高血压的病因分析及鉴别诊断

Etiology and Differential Diagnosis of Admitted Children with Hypertension

目的儿童高血压患病率有增高趋势,本研究拟总结住院儿童高血压的病因特点,探讨儿童原发性高血压和继发性高血压的不同点,为临床鉴别诊断提供依据。方法回顾性总结2003至2007年于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院住院的全部高血压患儿,诊断标准参考国内及美国公认儿童高血压诊断标准,按照病因将患儿分成原发性高血压和继发性高血压2类,分别分析其临床特点,用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析原发性高血压和继发性高血压的鉴别参数。结果共304例患儿入选为研究对象,其中原发性高血压146(48.0%)例,继发性高血压患者158(52.0%)例,婴儿期、幼儿期、学龄前期、学龄期及青春期高血压患儿构成比分别为3.0%、6.3%、7.9%、39.1%及43.8%(P<0.001);继发性高血压患儿中,肾性高血压为首位病因,其他依次为内分泌性高血压、心血管性高血压、中枢神经性高血压及其他未系统归类的高血压。单因素分析发现高血压发病时间、入院时舒张压、24h平均心率、患儿性别、年龄、高血压家族史、头晕、恶心、黑棘皮征、体质量指数、尿酸、尿蛋白、心电图ST-T改变、血尿素氮、肌酐、立位肾素活性、超声显示脂肪肝发生率有显著差别(P<0.05);多因素回归分析示高血压家族史(OR=8.897)、年龄>10岁(OR=10.176)、体质量指数超标(OR=19.256)是预测高血压为原发性高血压的独立因素;而ST-T异常(OR=0.0257),立位肾素活性>6μg/(L.h-1)(OR=0.0593)提示高血压为继发性高血压。结论住院的高血压儿童以青春期儿童多见,以继发性高血压为主;高血压家族史、年龄>10岁、体质量指数超标提示高血压为原发性高血压;而ST-T异常和立位肾素活性>6μg/(L.h-1)提示高血压为继发性高血压。

Objective The prevalence of hypertension in children has been increasing over the past years.This study sought to summarize the clinical data of children who were admitted to Beijing Children s Hospital with a diagnosis of hypertension,and try to analyze the discriminating factors between primary hypertension and secondary hypertension.Methods All children with hypertension who were admitted to Beijing Children s Hospital during 2003 through 2007 were enrolled retrospectively.Data of medical history,physica...