陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域环境现状与质量状况评价

Assessment of Present Situation and Quality of Fishery Environment on a Large Amount of Freshwater Fish in Shaanxi Province

2008和2009年,对陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域12项水质参数(pH、TN、TP、CODMn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、石油类、挥发酚和非离子氨)进行了监测,采用单因子比较法和污染指数法进行了评价。结果表明,陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域不同程度受到pH、非离子氨、TN、TP、CODMn、Cu、Zn、Hg和Pb的污染。主要污染物为非离子氨、TP、TN和CODMn,2年中这4项污染物超标范围均占监测水域的70%以上,负荷比Q占到89.5%和80.8%;非离子氨是最主要的污染物,2年中其单项污染指数I(20.2、5.80)和负荷比Q(57.37%、27.70%)均居首位,其次是TN(I:4.69、5.28;Q:13.3%、25.2%)、TP(I:4.05、4.13;Q:11.5%、19.7%)。Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb的超标范围较小;石油类、挥发性酚和Cd在所监测水域均未超标。2009年陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域污染程度比2008年有所减缓,但所监测参数2年的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。慎防非离子氨中毒,开展总磷、总氮污染的治理应该是陕西鱼类养殖中首要解决的环境问题。

Measurements were made on 12 water quality parameters(pH,TN,TP,CODMn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg,oil,volatile phenol and non-ionic ammonia) of a large amount of freshwater fish breeding waters in Shaanxi province during 2008 and 2009,with comparison of single-factor and pollution index methods evaluated those parameters,and investigated the situation of aquaculture.The results showed that:The breeding water of a large amount of freshwater fish in Shaanxi was polluted by the pH,TP,TN and CODMn,which the pollutant extent ...