油用红花数量性状的多元遗传分析

Multi-genetic analysis of quantitative characters in safflower

采用多元遗传统计分析方法分析了红花16个性状间的遗传关系。结果表明,多数性状都与千粒重呈显著和极显著表型相关。16个性状分别载荷在5个主因子上,第一主因子为产量因子,包括5个与产量相关的性状,总分枝数、一级分枝数、单株花球数、千粒重和单株产量;第二因子为产量构成因子,包括3个与籽粒产量有关的性状,有效花球数、每球籽粒数、球直径;第三因子为株型因子,包括4个构成植株形态的性状,即株高、茎直径、二级分枝数、三级分枝数;第四因子为负面影响因子,即2个影响籽粒产量和品质的性状,即每球秕粒数和壳百分率;第五因子为生育期因子,即开花期和生育期。聚类分析把16个数量性状分成四大类,第一类可细分为两个亚类,聚类结果与因子分析结果一致。反映了相关性状间的协同变异趋势,对提高性状的选择效率十分有益。

The genetic relationships among 16 characters of safflower (Carthamus linclorius L.) have been studied in multi-genetic statistical analysis. The result showed that most of characters had phenotype correlation with 1000-seed weight; The 16 characters were carried on 5 main factors respectively. The first main factor was yield factor including 5 chacacters, number of branches, primary branches, number of fruit per plant, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant. The second was yield composed factor including 3 characters, effective fruit, number of grains per fruit and fruit diameter. The third was plant type factor including 4 characters of plant morphology, plant height, stem diameter, secondary branches and number of third branches. The fourth was negative influence factor including 2 characters of seed yield and quality, number of blighted grains per fruit and percent of shell. The fifth was growth period factor associated with date of flowering and growth period. They were grouped into four types according to cluster analysis. The first type could be subdivided into two parts. The result of the cluster analysis showed no difference to the factor analysis. It reflects the covariant trend among related characters and will be beneficial for raising selective efficiency of characters in safflower.