经验抑或逻辑:对知识产权客体与对象之争的反思

Experience or Logic:Reflections on the Dispute between Object and Subject Matter of Intellectual Property Rights

"客体"与"对象"在词义上存在混用,法学中的"客体"与"对象"应参照哲学认识论作同义理解。刑法的客体理论基础存在逻辑上的失恰性,刑法客体与对象之分作为知识产权客体与对象之争的论据并不充分。民法中的权利客体结构实为一种双重构造体系,"平面"罗列式扭曲的权利客体难堪重任。从知识产权权能构造层面来看,知识产权客体也是一种双重构造体系,包括知识产权的支配、使用客体(信息)和知识产权的处分客体——知识产权(利益)。知识产权"客体"与"对象"之争实际上演变成形式逻辑与历史(经验)逻辑之争的命题。

There has been misuse of the meaning of object and subject matter.According to epistemology of philosophy,we should deem object as subject matter.Because object theory of criminal law is losing self-consistency,the division between criminal object and subject matter is not enough as the basis for the division between object and subject matter of intellectual property.Object of civil right is a double-level structure and the common view of one-dimensional listing is not correct.Judging by the functional structure of object,object of intellectual property,including intrinsic object and disposal object,is also a double-level structure.The dispute between object and subject matter of intellectual property changes into the dispute between logic theory and empirical theory.