干旱区发展的资源环境基础评价:以新疆为例

Evaluation of resource-environment base in arid area:a case of Xinjiang

作为生态脆弱的干旱地区,新疆的社会经济发展受到资源环境基础的极大制约。一方面,资源环境综合评价的结果表明,新疆的资源环境基础脆弱、要素结构的稳定性差。此种特征决定了新疆的现代化发展有赖于资源环境基础的稳定,其中尤以淡水资源来源和农用地(主要为草场和耕地)的稳定最为重要。另一方面,资源环境空间组合的分析结果表明,北疆和南疆的资源环境开发是全疆社会经济发展的关键,东疆生态系统的安全和稳定则决定着全疆资源环境开发的效果和政治稳定。

Owned an area of 1.66×106 km2,Xinjiang is the largest province in China,and more than a half of its territorial is desert or gobi.With a rapid growth in economy and a great change in both cultural and education,more and more concerns on local environment and ecology have occurred since the Western Development Strategy announced in 1999.Meanwhile,during the last twenty years the population growth rate in Xinjiang was significantly higher than that of the national average.All these changes made Xinjiang had to face a greater challenge in the development of man-land relationship.Nature resources and environment play an irreplaceable role in the course of development of human society.As an arid area with a harsh environment and fragile ecology,regional development of Xinjiang in both social and economic is strongly obedient to the local resource-environment base.As the key area and a major energy base of West China,a sustainable development in Xinjiang is highly significant for the process of West China and the whole country.Our paper shows,in terms of the calculation analysis of value of regional resource-environment base(RREB),that Xinjiang has a fragile resource-environment base with an unstable factor's composition and an uneven spatial combination.The population gravity center and economic gravity center of Xinjiang diverge from the geometric center.Furthermore,local ecological system still faces serious problems such as the shortage of forest resources and arable land,uneven distribution of grassland and arable land,and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment.Therefore,the most essential task for the sustainable development of Xinjiang in the future is to maintain the stability of the resource-environment base and correctly understand the function orientation of Northern,Southern and Eastern Xinjiang.In these three regions,Northern and Southern Xinjiang are the heartland of human activities,and Eastern Xinjiang is the path and linkage between Xinjiang and interior.For sustainable development,we should especially protect the fresh water resources on one hand,and promote regional economic development of Northern and Southern Xinjiang with improving the ecosystem security of Eastern Xinjiang simultaneously on the other.The exploitation of the resource should be modest and the utilization should be high-efficiency.Lastly,for conserving water recourses,mountains and vegetation ecosystem should be protected.