现代中国环境考古研究模式的分析

Analysis of the Research Mode in the Environmental Archaeology of Contemporary China

本文将1987年以来的中国环境考古研究称为"现代中国环境考古研究",并将之归纳为"考古地理的环境考古研究模式"、"文化历史环境考古研究模式"和"资源环境考古研究模式"。本文对这三种研究模式的合理性进行了分析。接下来,从考古学的基本理论假设出发,指出环境考古学、文化历史考古学之间并没有严格的继承关系,中国环境考古研究的最大问题是核心概念的不匹配。最后,通过考察西方环境考古研究和考古学史,本文提出应该用文化适应,即"考古学中的文化"取代考古学文化而将之作为核心概念进行环境考古研究,让中国环境考古摆脱文化历史考古学概念体系的束缚。

Since 1987 modern Chinese environmental archaeology has three research models:archaeological geography,culture-history,and resource model,respectively advanced by Zhou Kun-shu,Cao Bing-wu,and Tang Zhuo-wei.In the paper,I analyze their reasonabilities and shortcomings.Then,according to fundamental theoretical hypotheses of archaeology,it proves there is no rigid succession between environmental archaeological and cultural-historical approaches,and the major problem of Chinese environmental archaeological research is the mismatch between theory and practice.Finally,the paper makes an investigation on the history of environmental archaeological research and archaeology in the western world,and then suggests archaeologists use adaptation(culture in archaeology) replace archaeological culture as the key concept in environmental archaeological research.Archaeologists should develop theories and methods in environmental archaeology and get rid of the conceptual framework of cultural-historical approach.