翻译行为限制性与创造性的文化透视

A Cultural Perspective on Restriction and Creation of Translation Activities

没有文化的支撑,则没有翻译行为的真正运行与实质性实施,而不同的国家的民族活动多样性与观念的多元化使其文化内容和形式呈现出多样性,通过翻译行为的实施去缩小差异,达成语言间的妥协。奈达从生态文化、物质文化、社会文化、宗教文化、语言文化五个方面归纳出语言中的文化因素,这些文化因素实则为两种语言转换时必定碰到的文化障碍,这种文化障碍在翻译行为的实施中则可视为文化限制。翻译行为的文化创造可在归化策略(转换法)、异化策略(直译法)、文化调停策略(意译法)、译注法、音译法、转换与重写法这6种方法中得到体现。

Without cultural support,there would be no real operation and substantial implementation of translation activity.The diversity of national activities and concept leads to the diversity of the cultural content and form in different countries.The implementation of translation activity can narrow the difference and reach a compromise between languages.Eugene Albert Nida has summarized the cultural factors in languages from ecology,material culture,social culture,religious culture,and language culture aspects.These cultural factors substantially are cultural barriers in the process of converting two languages.These cultural barriers are regarded as cultural restrictions in the implementation of translation activity.The cultural creation of translation activity can be represented in the following six methods,i.e. domestication strategy(conversion method),adaptation strategy(literal translation),cultural mediation strategy(liberal translation),translation annotation method,transliteration method,and conversion and rewriting methods.