湖南省农村居民收入地区差距演变及其结构分解

The Changes and Factor Decomposition of Rural Regional Income Inequality in Hunan Province

农民收入是当前国内研究"三农"问题的热点之一。以湖南省为例,利用Gini系数方法,测度了1993—2008年湖南农村居民收入的地区差距变化,并通过对收入变化对区域差距变化的贡献进行分解,从收入因子的结构效应和集中效应来解释收入变化对区域差距变化的原因:工资性收入是影响农村收入差距格局的最重要因素,表现为1997—2002年间工资性收入的结构变化较快致使收入差距拉大,2002年后区域差距变大则主要是工资性收入的集中性不断增大所致;家庭经营收入在农村居民总收入中的比重下降,但仍是农村居民收入的主要来源,其对收入区域差距影响较小;财产性收入和转移性收入对收入差距格局的贡献虽然不大,但对扩大收入差异的贡献在不断增加,是未来影响农村区域差距变化的重要因素。最后提出了相关建议。

Rural regional income inequality was currently a hot issue studying on rural district.This paper focuses on the changes of rural regional income inequality and measures the income changes of rural residents and decomposes the income structure to concentration effect and structure effect in Hunan from 1993 to 2008 on basis of Gini index,and then explains the causes of its real inequality.In order to explore the factors behind the changes in rural income inequality in Hunan,the overall rural income inequality was decomposed into contributions by different income sources:wages,household operations,properties and transfers.This analysis implies that the wage income will play the most key role on rural regional income inequality in Hunan.The increasing contribution from wages was mainly due to the increase of its share from 1997 to 2002,and was mainly due to evident elevation of its concentration after 2002.In recent years,with the decline of household operations concentration index and its share in total income,it had weak effects in decreasing the total regional inequality,and then it was a main factor in rural total income.The rural regional inequality should be reduced by more financial transfer and public services from the local and central government in Hunan.