高层建筑火灾中消防电梯疏散效果模拟

Simulation study on evacuation effect of fire elevator in the high-rise building fire

分析通过消防电梯疏散人群的可行性,提出消防人员到达前、后两个阶段消防电梯辅助楼梯疏散的新模型,阐述运行规则,给出楼、电梯疏散的计算公式。根据电梯的运行规则,利用计算机模拟计算得到以下结论:消防人员到达前,消防电梯最佳停靠楼层的选择可通过计算得到,建筑的总层数和楼层人数愈多,电梯疏散人员比例越小;消防人员到达后,电梯在避难层停靠,通过计算得到避难层以上剩余人员以多少人员比选择消防电梯时,楼、电梯模型的疏散效率最佳。

By analyzing the feasibility of fire elevator,which is used for evacuation in the fire,the novel model including main rules on fire elevator that is worked for the stairs evacuation are proposed before and after the firefighter's arriving,and the main rules were showed.Then the computational formula on stair and fire elevator was expressed.Based on the rules given by the model,the simulation results showed: before the firefighter's arriving,the optimal floor can be achieved by the model and rules;and the more the total number of floors and the number of people is respectively,the less the ratio of the people using elevator evacuation is;after the firefighter's arriving,the fire elevator will stop at the refuge floor,and by the calculation on the stair and fire elevator model,the best ratio of the remaining people selecting fire elevator can be given,which correspond with the optimal evacuation efficiency.