土壤侵蚀影响作物产量及其因素分析

Crop Yield and Relevant Factors as Affected by Soil Erosion

全球范围内,土壤侵蚀导致巨大的经济损失。遏制土壤侵蚀对生态环境保护和农田生产力的维持至关重要。结合所在的科研团队近年来在黑土土壤侵蚀与作物生产力领域的研究积累,综合分析了国内外土壤侵蚀研究的相关动态,指出表层土壤变薄是导致作物产量降低的最主要也是最直接的表观因素,而实质是侵蚀引起土壤氮磷储量、有效性、关键微量养分、土壤水稳性团聚体减少,容重增加,土壤黏粒含量改变。不同区域土壤侵蚀影响作物产量的程度与侵蚀强度显著相关,这主要是水肥作用的结果。强调适当的农艺措施,尤其是有机肥的施用对增肥保水,恢复侵蚀土壤生产力的重要性。参71。

Soil erosion brings about tremendous economic losses on the globe. Suppression of soil erosion is of crucial importance to environment protection and farmland productivity. In this review,we summarized relevant research advances of soil erosion both at home and abroad with integration of our investigation on Black soil erosion and crop productivity in recent years. The major and most apparent factor directly decreasing crop yield is topsoil attenuation. Virtually,soil erosion leads to the reduction of soil N and P reserve and availability,soil key micro-nutrients,water-stable aggregate,but higher bulk density and changes of clay content. There is a significant correlation between crop productivity and erosion intensity,which is mainly due to water and fertility. Appropriate agronomic strategy, especially organic amendment,could restore the productivity of eroded soil through the increase in soil fertility and water holding capacity.