“了、呢、的”变韵说——兼论语气助词、叹词、象声词的强弱两套发音类型

Toward vowel inflection of the particle le-la,ne-na,de-da with a discussion of the duality of the pronunciation of mood particles,interjections and onomatopoeic words

本文通过对强语气条件下"了、呢、的"开口度相应增大现象的考察、分析,指出它们具有强式的a套发音——la、na、da;其他多数的语气助词,以及叹词、象声词等,也都拥有a、e两套基本对立的发音类型,以与强弱二分语气相适应。本文提出形成合音成分的四个条件及两个标志,证明"啦=了+啊"、"哪(呐)=呢+啊"等被广泛采用的"合音说"并不成立,应代之以强语气条件下的"了、呢""变韵说"。本文还给出了a、e两套发音词的举要列表,并就表文涉及到的"语言"界说、辞书编纂等问题谈了看法。

This paper studies a kind of vowel inflection of mood particles,interjections and onomatopoeic words in modern Chinese mandarin.The vowel inflection here is characterized by a systematical opposition of a-vowel against e-vowel under the condition of stronger tone.It can be described as a kind of change from e-vowel into a-vowel along with the sounds intensified.The paper studies avowel pronunciation in la,na,da -了,呢,的 (three extremely high frequency words) in stress state,which have only been notated as e-vowel pronunciation le,ne,de in all reference books. As for 啦,哪(呐),their la,na pronunciation were generally misunderstood as some crasis words.In my opinion,the real causation of 啦,哪(呐) should simply be 了,呢,although the former have stronger tones and different written forms.This paper also supplies lists of the vowel inflection words,and discusses their implications for the emotive function of language,dictionary compilation,etc.