罪与孽:中国的“法治”与“德治”概说

“Crime” and “Sin”:Rule of Law and Moral Order in China

通过立法程序所设立的法律，并不表示在社会人们交往与冲突时得到实际的实施，因此法治建设的一个重要方面是调查研究人们在实际生活中的行为规范是怎样的，受到什么因素的影响。当前我国在通过法律对违法者进行惩治的同时，社会上存在着大量违反社会公德但并不一定直接触犯法律的行为。在中国传统文化中对于“罪”与“孽”是有所区分的，在运用法律惩治犯罪的同时，通过儒家伦理和民间宗教在民众中推行对“作孽”的道德谴责，从而建立一个民间的“德治”秩序。

Abstract One goal of China's modernization is to establish a rule by law.Many laws have been passed by the People's Congress,yet still 2 issues demand our special attention: 1) what is the actual process of prosecution and what do people think of it? 2) can the laws maintain social order? Some evil deeds are beyond the laws and cannot be prosecuted as “crimes”,but are criticized by society as “sin”in a moral sense.Traditional ways for people to behave themselves in Chinese society were related to religion and moral disciplines but were destroyed during the revolution.In order to reestablish social order and to overcome problems such as corruption,lessons should be drawn both from our traditional culture and from foreign experiences.