土地利用变化的水环境效应研究进展

ADVANCEMENT IN RESEARCH OF LAND USE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES

土地利用变化的水环境效应的研究正逐渐兴起。土地利用的水环境过程是非常复杂的,由于各种土地利用活动自身的差异,其引起的物质与能量流动是不同的,因而其对水环境的影响也是有差异的。土地利用的类型、结构、强度与空间布局引起了河流水环境的综合变化。探讨土地利用变化的水环境效应可以为水环境治理提供科学依据。土地利用通过改变物质能量的流动而使水环境发生改变。土地利用变化对水循环、水污染物通量和水质的影响是该领域的3个重要方向。其中土地利用对水质的影响研究分为无边界范围的土地利用对水质的影响和有边界范围的土地利用对水质的影响,其研究方法不同。有边界范围的土地利用对水质的影响研究实现了全覆盖和定量化。地理信息系统(GIS)、高分辨率数字土地利用数据、多元统计分析等技术和方法被用来处理空间数据和复杂的交互作用。

The research of land-use change impacts on water resources is gradually emerging.It can provide a scientific basis for management of water resources to examine the land-use change impacts on water resources.Land-use can change water environment by changing the flow of material and energy.There are three important reserach fields,including the impacts on water cycle,flux of water pollutants and water quality.The research of the impacts on water quality can be divided into two kinds according to having exact boundary of the land use or not.The methodologies are different.The research of land-use change impacts on water quality with boundary achieves a full coverage and quantification.Geographic Information Systems(GIS),high-resolution digital land use data,multivariate statistical analysis techniques and methods are used to deal with spatial data and complex interactions.