“党规”与“国法”:国民党民众组训体系中的社团制度分析

The Rules in Party and the Laws:Study on the System of Organizations in the Period of Political Tutelage

1927年4月,国民党在由革命党一跃而为执政党,其民众运动方针也由"运动"转向"组训"。具体方案是在党内设立民众训练委员会,颁布系列党内规章及政府法令,构建起以职业和社会团体为中心的民众组训体系。党规直接体现国民党试图重构党民关系的政治意旨,政府将之以国家法律形式予以推进,此正为以党训政的既定路径。职业及社会团体的政治与专业职能制度边界虽由此大体确立,但党规与国法的表达重点仍存差异,党政之间组织及主义的传导存在落差。国民党虽试图通过社会部改隶、强化党部督导等办法来调适组训体系之内存矛盾,但效果并不理想。学界在以商会、农会、工会及自由职业者公会等团体为中心讨论国家-社会关系、党民关系时,需要关注到职业团体在组训体系中的制度与实情。

In April of 1927,the National Party turned into the ruling party from a revolutionary party,the policy of popular movement also transformed from mobilization into training.The National Party established a public training committee,issued a series of rules made by the party and laws made by the government,to built a system to train the public by means of the occupational group and general social group,which was the way to realize the rule in the period of political tutelage.The rules and laws are in concert with each other,and there are also many differences between the government and the party.The National Party tried to resolve the confliction through the Social Ministry and strengthening the leadership of the party,but the result was not good.We should pay more attention to the rules and practice in the process in academic studying.