安阳隋墓发掘报告

EXCAVATIONS OF THE SUI TOMBS AT ANYANG

1966年至1975年,我队在殷墟先后发掘隋墓二十九座。其中有1973年在小屯村南地发掘十座,同年秋在小屯村北马家坟发掘二座;1966年夏在大司空村豫北纱厂西侧发掘六座;1974年春在梅园庄北地安阳钢厂东南边发掘九座;1975年夏在孝民屯安阳钢厂东北边发掘二座(图一)。上述五处墓葬以小屯村南地和梅园庄北地分布比较密集,且排列有序(图二)。先后参加这一工作的有杨锡璋、戴彤心、刘一曼、曹定云、王金龙、杨宝成、屈如忠、孙秉根。吉林大学历史系姚孝遂同志也参加了部分发掘工作。

Between 1966 and 1975,29 small tombs of the Sui dynasty were excavated in the Yindynasty ruins at Anyang,Henan province.Most of the tombs were well preserved,with nosigns of ever having been robbed.The Sui tombs were catacombs,with coffin chambersplaced at the north end.Most had vaulted roofs,but a few had domed roofs.Passagesled to the coffin chambers from the south.Some tombs had vaulted corridors.The 29 tombs were of two types,distinguished by the structure of the coffin chamberand the locations of the passages.There were 10 of the first type and 19 of the second.Except for one,they had either wooden coffins or mud coffin platforms.Most of the deadwere found lying on their backs,arms and legs outstretched.Twenty-six tombs had oneoccupant,two tombs had two,likely to be husband and wife.Twenty-eight tombs contained burial articles,totalling 579 pieces,including potteryfigures,porcelain,earthenware,gold rings,bronze and iron objects,coins and inscribedbrick tablets.The articles were buried in three combinations.The first combination,re-presented in 10 tombs,had pottery figures as the main objects,though porcelain,earthenware,wu-zhu coins and bronze and iron articles were also included.The secondcombination,represented in 12 tombs,had mainly porcelain objects,coupled with pottery,wu-zhu coins,and bronze and iron instruments.The third combination was represented in6 tombs,in which pottery was the main funerary article.Wu-zhu coins and bronze andiron objects were also found in these tombs.The different combinations reflect the dif-ferent social positions of the tombs' occupants.The first two show that the tombs belongedto the landlord class,and the third shows that the owners were peasants or other poor people.According to the structural forms of the tombs and the characteristics and combina-tions of the burial articles in them,the Anyang tombs are divided in two stages,an earlystage,from the beginning of the Sui dynasty to the reign of Emperor Wen-di(601—604),and a late stage,from the reign of Emperor Wen-di to the end of the Sui dynasty(618).Twenty of the 29 tombs had porcelain funerary objects.This seems to indicatethat in the Sui dynasty around Xiangzhou(today's Anyang),the society was stable,theeconomy was flourishing and the skill of porcelain making was well developed.All theseare of importance in studying the development of porcelain production in ancient times inthe Henan area with Anyang as its center.