5Theodore Spencer, "Joyce and the Epiphany: The Key to the Labyrinth?" Critical Essays on James Joyce' s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, ed. Philip Brady and James F. Crens ( New York: G.K. Hall & Co, 1998)27-35.
6Umberto Eco, The Aesthetics of Chaosmos: The Middle Ages of James Joyee (Harvard Books, 1982) .
7David Cotter, James Joyce & the Perverse Ideal( New York, London: Routledge, 2003).
