城乡一体化过程中聚落选址和布局的演变

THE EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENT LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE TOWN COUNTRY UNIFICATION

城乡一体化是区域经济发展到一定阶段的产物，它在客观上表现为聚落选址和布局的演变：即在发达地区表现为居民聚集区由点状分布趋向面状分布，在欠发达地区表现为由点状分布趋向线状分布。这种聚落选址和布局的演变是城乡一体化过程中经济发展的必然结果，受着影响经济发展的因素的制约；然而，聚落选址和布局演变又是影响经济发展的一个重要因素，制约着区域经济的发展。在城乡一体化过程中，现代交通取向，现代市场取向、现代工业取向和现代人口取向是聚落演变的重要推动力，影响聚落选址和布局的基本格局。

The twon country unitization(the TCU) is exhibited as a(continued on page new settlement structure in the human living space. The evolution of the settlement location and distribution( the SLAD) is a neccessary product of economic development, which is in fact within the restriction of the factors affecting the economic development, and varies with the phases of economic development. The evolution of the SLAD has its own intrinsic law, which is not only adaptable to the economic development but also affects the speed and progress of regional economic development, and is a essential restricted factor upon the regional economic development. The TCU displays as the turning from spot distribution to area distribution of the settlement in the developed area, however, as the turning from spot distribution to linear distribution in the undeveloped area. In modern society, convenient transportation, group effect, open in all directions are taken into consideration in the SLAD in the developed areas. While in the undeveloped areas, it still rely upon the natural resources extremely. The environmental selection of the SLAD in the TCU are mainly affected by modern communication, market, resouces and energy, and the modern Feng Shui Theory take an important role as well. Therefore, the basic rules suggested of the SLAD in the TCU as following: comprehensive selection rule, dominant factors selection rule, elastic selection rule and development selection rule. In order to accomplish the general target of the TCU, we suggest that settlement ought to be divided into varieties of function districts, the relationship between the spatial structure of the settlement and the behaviour of the fucntion districts can be stated by the behavioural matrix, the optum model of settlement development can be introduced form the matrix.