外贸新体制与发展的新课题

New Problems with the New System and Foreign Trade Development

在新外贸体制下,维持企业经营的主要支柱由财政补贴改为调整汇率和扩大留成外汇,受汇率、进口政策变化影响,难以控制出口成本;由于出口成本过高出现的高亏损,根本原因发生于生产领域,外贸控制不了因物价上涨导致的出口成本过高发生的亏损;优化出口商品结构和开发适销新产品,仅是外贸一厢情愿,生产者不一定感兴趣;如何改造外贸企业成为跨国企业集团,实现各种经营要素的优化组合,落实市场多元化战略。这都是外贸发展面临的新课题。

This paper reviews several of the new problems appearing duringthe course of the development of foreign trade.First,under the new system of foreign trade,the mainstay supportingthe enterprises has shifted from financial subsidies to the adjustmentof the exchange rate and an increase in the amount of foreign exchangeearnings retained by the enterprises.But it is hard to control the exportcost due to the limited foreign exchange earnings and the influence ofchanges in the import policy.Second,price fluctuation leads to higherexport costs and the latter in turn causes deficit in the enterprises.Thoseare chiefly problems in the realm of production and are beyond thecontrolling capacity of the enterprises.Third,the optimization of thecomposition of export commodities and the development of best-sellingnew products are only a matter of“wishful thinking”,which the manu-facturers may not be interested in.Finally,the restructuring of foreigntrade enterprises into multinational enterprise blocs,the restructuring ofthe various management factors,and the realization of pluralistic strategyin marketing are also new problems of study currently confronting thecountry.