海洋生物资源的开发利用

THE EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF MARINE LIVING RESOURCES

开发利用海洋生物资源,是海洋开发的一项重要内容,已受到世界各海洋国家的关注。 一、海洋生物资源 海洋生物资源指生活在海洋(包括河口)的所有生命有机体,其中包括微生物、低等和高等植物、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物。虽然目前人类还只利用海洋生物资源的一小部分(如渔业资源),但各种海洋生物彼此互相联系,是构成海洋生态系统不可分割的组成部分,因此应从生态系统的观点来研究海洋生物资源。

In this paper, the exploitation, utilization and enhancement of marine living resources in the world, especially in the China have been described and discussed. The main contents of present paper are summarized as follows:1. The term 'marine living resources' is here employed in a broad sense and includes the all living body (microbes, algae, seagrass, mangrove and animals) in the marine environment(including esturies). We should be discussion it from the point of view of ecosystems.2. China is a country rich in marine living resources. Nearly ten thousand species of marine organisms were found from the coastal zone and the shallow water of the continental self of China.3. The amount of photosynthetic production in water of Pohai Sea( Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea is about 3.5 X 10* tons of carbon/year. According to the theoretical estimates from data on primary production the total year production of fish biomass is about 16 million tons.4. Marine living resources is exploited and utilized as foods, raw materials for industries, feed, fertilizer, new energy resources and ornament. Marine pharmacan which play an rapor-tant role in Chinese traditional medicine has attracted the attention of public in China and other countries.5. Though there was overfish in some areas in the ocean, the future of .vorld production of marine fisheries will be bright.6. Mariculture is greatly developed in China. At the present time, over 40 species of marine algae and animals are cultivated, the annual yield have increased to more than 50×104. tons.7. Protective management is very important in maintaining the high aboundance biomass of marine living resources.