个人·群体·社会──一生学术历程的自我思考

Individual,Group,and Society-Reflections on My Life-long “Pilgrim's Progress”of Learning

对“社会”一词在学术界有两种看法：一是看作众多个人集合生活的群体，个人是实体。一是群体具有社会结构成为超越个人的实体，个人只是载体。通过作者一生在人类学、社会学领域的求学与从事研究工作的体会，本文回顾了对这两种看法认识的发展过程，并批判了两者各有偏重、失实之处，指出目前开展的社区研究要提高一步，不仅应研究社会结构，还要研究活生生的人，应从生态（人与自然的关系）的研究进一步发展到关于人们的心态研究，并应致力发掘中国几千年发展起来的关于人、关于中和位育的经验，贡献给当今的世界。

here are two ways to interpret the word “society”:as a group in which manyindividuals live together,and as a social reality,which is more than individuals incollection. Based on his own personal experience in study and research in the fieldsof sociology and anthropology, the author reviewed the process of his understandingof“society”,pointing out that community study should take the above two viewstogether,instead of liniiting itself to the study of social structure, More attentionsbould be paid to people,the socialized individuals.In the field of sociology,weshould take not only the economical and behavioral approach, but also the psycboa-nalytical approach.We should also learn from the Chinese experience sincc ancienttimes about people and their relationship.