云南3种菊科入侵植物根际土壤及叶面挥发性成分差异分析

Comparison of volatile components in rhizosphere soil and leaf surface of three invasive Compositae plants in Yunnan

用气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪(GC/MS)分析了来自同一样点的云南3种菊科入侵植物,紫茎泽兰、飞机草、肿柄菊根际土壤及叶片表面挥发性成分.结果发现:3种植物根际土壤中共检测到37种挥发性组分,鉴定组分28个,其中紫茎泽兰21个,飞机草24个,肿柄菊20个.差异组分10个,差异较少.从3种入侵植物叶片表面中共分离挥发性组分111个,鉴定化合物57个,其中紫茎泽兰20个,飞机草30个,肿柄菊19个.存在于2种以上植物叶片表面的挥发性共有组分12个;紫茎泽兰与飞机草的共有组分6个;紫茎泽兰与肿柄菊的共有组分5个;飞机草与肿柄菊共有组分8个,共有组分较少.3种植物叶片表面同时检测到的有机物有橙花叔醇和α-石竹烯.紫茎泽兰的叶片表面挥发性物质主要为低沸点的萜烯类、酯类、酚酸类和醇类,飞机草及肿柄菊富含较高沸点的成分,其中飞机草的叶片表面挥发性物质中富含黄酮类化合物.紫茎泽兰叶片表面较多的低沸点挥发性组分可能是其能够同过挥发物途径进行化感作用的一个原因之一.

Volatile components in rhizosphere soil and on leaf surface of three invasive Compositae plants,Eupatorium adenophorum,Eupatorium odoratum and Tithonia diversifolfa in Yunnan was analyzed by GC/MS method.Results indicated that 37 volatile components in total were detected in three plants rhizosphere soil,and 28 compounds identified.Among the identified compounds,21 in E.adenophorum,24 in E.odoratum and 20 in T.diversifolfa,respectively were detected.Only 10 different components were found in rhizosphere soil among the three different plants,and most of them were from E.odoratum.However,more than 111 volatile components in total were detected in leaf surface,and 57 of these components were identified.Among the identified components,20 in E.adenophorum,30 in E.odoratum and 19 in T.diversifolfa,respectively,have been detected.Most of the detected components were different in each of the three plants,only 2 identified compounds were found co-existing in leaf surface of these plants.Lower boiling point compounds,such as terpenoids,esters,phenolic acids and spirits were detected richly containing in E.adenophorum leaf surface compared to that of E.odoratum and T.diversifolfa.Flavonoids were richly found in leaf surface of E.odoratum.Therefore,richly containing of lower boiling point compounds may be one of the important reasons that E.adenophorum possible of allelopathy by means of volatile.