从文献计量学到网络计量学

Bibliometrics to Webometrics

从1958年以来,不知不觉中文献计量学已经发生了根本的变化:它独立成为一个学科,在图书馆和信息科学学院中被广泛教授,并成为世界各地科学评价研究组的核心研究内容。这些都因为尤金.加菲尔德的研究成果和他的科学引文索引而变得可能。本文回顾了文献计量学从1958年到现在的发展历程,对比了早期的文献计量学和它的当前研究内容,综述了一大批最新的研究方向和进展。比如专利分析、国家科研评价实践、新型可视化技术、创新应用、新在线引文索引以及数字图书馆创建相关的发展过程等。还对网络计量学,一门现代迅速发展的文献计量学的分支进行详细的评述。最后,对文献计量学和网络计量学的未来发展趋势也进行了探讨。

Bibliometrics has changed out of all recognition since 1958:becoming established as a field,being taught widely in library and information science schools,and being at the core of a number of science evaluation research groups around the world.This was all made possible by the work of Eugene Garfield and his Science Citation Index.This article reviews the distance that bibliometrics has travelled since 1958 by comparing early bibliometrics with current practice,and by giving an overview of a range of recent developments,such as patent analysis,national research evaluation exercises,new visualisation techniques,new applications,new online citation indexes,and developments related to the creation of digital libraries.Webometrics,a modern,fast-growing offshoot of bibliometrics is reviewed in detail.Finally,future prospects are discussed with regard to both bibliometrics and webometrics.