中小学教师职业倦怠的现状及相关因素研究

THE CURRENT SITUATION AND RELATED FACTORS OF CHINESE TEACHERS' BURNOUT

采用修订的Maslach教师职业倦怠问卷对647名中小学教师进行了调查,结果表明: (1)我国教师的职业倦怠整体程度不高,但与我国护士和美国教师相比,其个人成就感明显偏低。(2)男女教师的情绪衰竭和非人性化程度无显著差异,女教师成就感显著高于男教师。 (3)中专学历的教师的情绪衰竭感显著低于大专和本科学历的教师。 (4)小学教师的个人成就感显著高于中学教师,而非人性化程度明显比中学教师低,高中教师比小学和初中教师具有更强的情绪衰竭感。 (5)教龄为5-10年的小学教师和教龄为11-20年的中学教师,最易出现情绪衰竭感。(6)教龄在5年内的初中男教师和教龄在11-20年的初中女教师,可能是职业倦怠的高发人群。

This study based on the investigation of 647 Chinese teachers. Maslach Burnout Inventory Educator's Survey was used what the results suggested are as follows: (1) Though Chinese teachers experience moderate level of all the three dimensions of burnout, their personal accomplishment scores are lower than the Chinese nurses and American teachers. (2) Female teachers feel significant lower personal accomplishment than male teachers, but the gender factor is not related to the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. (3) The emotional exhaustion of teachers who graduated from secondary normal schools are much higher than those graduated from junior colleges and universities. (4) Primary school teachers show much higher personal accomplishment and lower depersonalization than middle school teachers, and senior high school teachers feel much more emotional exhaustion than primary school and junior high school teachers. (5) Primary school teachers with 5-10 years of teaching experience and middle school teachers with 11-20 years are the group with the highest portion of emotional exhaustion. (6) Male teachers with less than 5 years of teaching experience and female teachers with 11-20 years from junior high schools are the group with the highest portion of burnout.